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This is a photo of a prototype nuclear battery. A nuclear powered battery that lasts for a hundred years has been unveiled by scientists.See story NNBATTERY. It could lead to permanent pacemakers and other medical devices that never need changing and be used by astronauts travelling to Mars. The prototype consists of a semiconductor made out of diamonds, called a Schottky diode, and a radioactive chemical that fuels it. This is known as nickel-63 - which has a half life of a century. As it decays it fires out beta particles, or electrons, into layers of nickel foil, generating electricity. Beta radiation is the least energetic associated with nuclear decay - making it safe for implantation, says the Russian team. In experiments the battery achieved power of 10 microwatts per cubic centimeter - enough for a modern artificial pacemaker. It packs about 3,300 milliwatt-hours of power per 1 gram - 10 times more than commercially available chemical cell batteries. Most state-of-the-art cardiac pacemakers are over 10 cubic centimeters in size and require about 10 microwatts of power. This means the new nuclear battery could be used to power these devices without any significant changes to their design and size.